Jeroen Blokland

European financials are in the spotlight again. And once again, it is not because of anything good. The CDS spread on Credit Suisse has spurted up over the past few days. Is this just the tip of the iceberg? Many “investors” and “gurus” are eager to point out possible systemic risk. At least as far as I can see, there is none of that right now.

In retrospect, we can say that central banks used the annual Jackson Hole symposium to revive their credibility as inflation fighters. This also applies to the ECB.

After yet another higher-than-expected inflation rate - we are now at 9.1 percent - and core inflation at a new record of 4.3 per cent, the ECB Governing Council on Thursday has adopted a record interest rate hike of 75 basis points.

With China using interest rates again to defuse the property crisis, and the Federal Reserve making clear in Jackson Hole that it will continue to tighten, the divergence in central bank policy between the two largest economies is increasing. This is not good news for the yuan, emerging market currencies and equities.

It was a huge shock. The 37.2 percent increase in German producer prices, or PPI, for July that the Statistisches Bundesamt announced last week. Not only was this the biggest price increase ever, it was also more than five percentage points higher than the consensus expected.

Moreover, this number came before reports of the 50 percent increase in German electricity prices so far in August. And so the question arises, should we be getting ready for a German inflation, or CPI, of over 10 percent?

And then things moved fast. Business confidence fell to worrying levels in July, making a recession, especially in Europe, seem inevitable.

The S&P Global Flash Composite (Manufacturing + Services) PMI for Germany fell to 48.0. Well below the “magic” level of 50, seen by many as the line between economic growth and contraction - even though the actual level of negative GDP growth is considerably lower. The Manufacturing PMI also fell to 49.2.

The earnings season has only just begun, but we are already seeing some examples of what will become a trend: fewer companies beating expectations.

Investors like to be positively surprised, so companies tend to be overly cautious in their expectations so as not to disappoint those same investors. But when the economy is heading for recession, expectations are met less often and this earnings season is probably the first indication of this.

Negative surprises put a cap on the upside potential, especially for equities. As a rule, investors react strongly to surprises, often shaped as economic data. After all, the consensus expectation should already be incorporated in the prices. 

It is therefore no coincidence that there are indices that mathematically determine the degree of surprises. A good example are the Citi Economic Surprise indices. 

The ISM Manufacturing Index, also known as the purchasing managers’ index, fell more than expected in June. The index dropped to 53 where a reading of 54.5 was expected. This was not really a surprise, as the regional sentiment indicators had already fallen significantly. 

In fact, they pointed to an ISM Manufacturing of only just above 50.

German consumer confidence has fallen to its lowest level ever, it became clear last week. Never before have German consumers been so negative about the economy and their financial prospects. And Germany is not alone.

Far from it. In the United States, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands too, consumer confidence recently reached an all-time low. The extremely negative sentiment among consumers is a global phenomenon caused by another global phenomenon: extremely high inflation.

The Atlanta Fed GDPNow real GDP forecast for the second quarter stands at exactly 0 percent. So no growth expected. Something economists certainly do not take into account.

The Atlanta Fed GDPNow forecast is a growth forecast based solely on published macro data during the quarter. This differs from the forecasts of most economists, who usually only give one number that may or may not be revised.